Soviet Russia (Northern Region)
Petersburg
(4 concentration camps, 14 prisons) Death camps:
14
Cape Medvezhyi (Novaya Zemlya, Arctic Ocean) (uranium mine & enrichment facility)
Cherepovets (Vologda Region) (at least 2 camps; uranium mine [open-pit] & enrichment facility)
Mirny (Arkhangelsk Region) (nuclear submarine maintenance)
Omutninsk (Kirov Region) (4 camps; uranium mines & enrichment facilities)
Severodvinsk (Arkhangelsk Region) (nuclear submarine maintenance)
Totma (Vologda Region) (uranium mine [underground] & enrichment facility)
Vaigach Island (Arctic Ocean) (uranium mine & enrichment facility)
Verkhnekamsk (Kirov Region) (3 camps; uranium mines & enrichment facilities)
(death by radiation poisoning in all 14)
Forced-labor concentration camps:
280
4 for children (Kandalaksha [Murmansk], Kochmas [Komi], Petersburg, Vologda)
5 for women and their babies (Kirov, Kochmas [Komi], Volkhov [Leningrad], Vologda, Zuevka [Kirov])
2 for women and children (Arkhangelsk, Ulyanovka [Leningrad])
2 for women (Navolok [Arkhangelsk], Ulyanovka [Leningrad])
Torture-facility prisons:
28
1 for women (Petersburg)
Psychiatric prisons:
16
References: Shifrin, A., The First Guidebook to Prisons and Concentration Camps of the Soviet Union, Bantam Books, New York, 1982.
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